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The recent Bilaspur train accident has reignited concerns over railway safety in India, with preliminary reports pointing to Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD) as a possible cause. But what exactly is SPAD, and who is accountable when such lapses occur? Here’s a detailed breakdown.
What Is SPAD? Signal Passing at Danger Explained
Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD) happens when a train fails to stop at a red signal, risking catastrophic collisions or derailments. Railways rely on signals to regulate train movement, and ignoring them can lead to disasters like the Bilaspur accident, where early findings suggest a missed signal may have been a factor.
Causes of SPAD: Why Do Trains Run Red Signals?
SPAD incidents stem from multiple failures:
- Human Error – Exhaustion, distraction, or misreading signals by the loco pilot (train driver).
- Poor Visibility – Fog, heavy rain, or faulty signal lighting can obscure warnings.
- System Failures – Malfunctioning Train Protection & Warning System (TPWS) or defective brakes.
- Training & Maintenance Gaps – Inadequate driver training or neglected signal upkeep.
Who Is Responsible for SPAD Accidents?
Blame often extends across multiple parties:
- Loco Pilots – Directly responsible but may face undue pressure or fatigue.
- Railway Staff – Signal maintainers must ensure proper functioning.
- Railway Management – Delayed safety upgrades (e.g., Kavach anti-collision system) increase risks.
- Government Policies – Underfunding and slow tech adoption worsen safety gaps.
How Can SPAD Be Prevented?
- Deploy Kavach Nationwide – India’s automatic braking system must be prioritized.
- Enhance Driver Training – Stress management and simulation-based drills.
- Upgrade Signaling – Implement ETCS (European Train Control System) for real-time monitoring.
- Strict Work Hours – Prevent fatigue-related errors with regulated shifts.
- Transparent Investigations – Hold negligent parties accountable.
Conclusion: A Wake-Up Call for Railway Safety
The Bilaspur SPAD incident underscores the urgent need for modern safety reforms. Lives depend on better technology, training, and governance—passengers and policymakers alike must demand action before another tragedy strikes.
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