The quote “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results” is endlessly linked to Albert Einstein. But did the genius physicist actually say it? Or is this another case of a viral misattribution? Let’s uncover the truth.
The Einstein Connection: A Persistent Myth
For decades, this quote has been credited to Einstein in books, speeches, and even corporate trainings. Its appeal is clear—it perfectly captures the futility of repeating failed actions. Yet, there’s zero proof Einstein ever said or wrote it. The Einstein Archives, which hold his lifetime of writings, contain no record of this phrase.
So why does the myth persist?
The True Origins of the Quote
The earliest verified version appears in Rita Mae Brown’s 1981 novel Sudden Death:
“Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again but expecting different results.”
Before that, a similar line appeared in the 1980 Narcotics Anonymous handbook:
“Insanity is repeating the same mistakes and expecting different results.”
The concept itself is even older. Philosophers like Confucius and writers like Mark Twain explored similar ideas—but the pithy modern phrasing likely emerged in 20th-century psychology circles.
Why Do We Credit Einstein?
Misattributions thrive for three reasons:
1. Authority Bias: Linking quotes to geniuses like Einstein makes them seem profound.
2. Memorability: Famous names help quotes spread.
3. Cultural Momentum: Once a myth goes viral, it’s hard to debunk.
What Einstein Actually Said About Stubbornness
While he didn’t coin the “insanity” quote, Einstein did criticize rigid thinking. In a 1946 letter, he wrote:
“A new type of thinking is essential if mankind is to survive.”
A biographer also claims he mocked stupidity as “doing the same thing and expecting a different outcome”—but no paper trail confirms this.
Key Takeaway: A Useful Quote, Just Not Einstein’s
Though falsely attributed, the quote’s wisdom holds. Whether in science or daily life, blind repetition without change is irrational. The real lesson? Fact-check before sharing—even “genius” quotes can be wrong.
Final Answer: No, Einstein didn’t say it. But the myth will likely outlive us all.
