Introduction
Indonesia, Southeast Asia’s largest archipelago, has long depended on secondhand military gear to strengthen its defenses. While affordable, this strategy could backfire as regional tensions rise and technology advances. Experts warn that outdated equipment, geopolitical dependencies, and a lagging domestic industry may leave Indonesia exposed.
The Appeal of Secondhand Military Purchases
Facing tight budgets—defense spending is just 1% of GDP, below Singapore (3.1%) and China (1.7%)—Indonesia prioritizes cost-saving measures. Benefits include:
– Faster acquisition (no wait for new production).
– Lower upfront costs (e.g., U.S. Excess Defense Articles program).
– Alignment with allies (e.g., U.S.-sourced F-16s).
Notable Examples:
– F-16 fighter jets (secondhand from the U.S.).
– Sachsen-class frigates (ex-German Navy).
– Russian Su-27/Su-30 fighters (via Belarus).
4 Hidden Risks of Indonesia’s Strategy
1. Obsolescence & High Maintenance Costs
Older systems face:
– Lower combat readiness against modern threats.
– Scarce spare parts, especially for Soviet-era equipment.
– Rising upkeep expenses (e.g., aging C-130 fleet).
2. Geopolitical Vulnerabilities
Jakarta risks:
– U.S. sanctions under CAATSA if buying Russian gear.
– Usage restrictions on Western equipment.
– Limited leverage in upgrade negotiations.
3. Stifling Local Defense Industry
While Indonesia aims to grow domestic production (e.g., PT Dirgantara, PT PAL), overreliance on imports undermines R&D. Contrast this with South Korea and Turkey, whose homegrown sectors thrive.
4. Weakness in the South China Sea
China’s modern navy and coast guard outmatch Indonesia’s outdated fleet near the Natuna Islands, a strategic flashpoint.
A Better Path for Indonesia’s Military
Experts recommend:
✅ Invest in new systems (e.g., Rafale jets, Scorpène submarines).
✅ Boost defense spending to 1.5% of GDP.
✅ Strengthen local production (e.g., KF-21 joint venture with South Korea).
✅ Diversify suppliers (e.g., South Korea, Turkey).
Conclusion: Time for a Strategic Shift
Secondhand purchases offer short-term savings but jeopardize long-term security. To deter regional threats, Indonesia must modernize—or risk falling behind militarily and politically.
