Introduction
The 1991 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections were a turning point in the state’s political history, marked by fierce ideological clashes. A key controversy was DMK leader M. Karunanidhi’s remark about following the “Anna way” or “Periyar way,” igniting debates about the Dravidian movement’s future.
The Controversial Remark
During the heated campaign against the AIADMK, Karunanidhi suggested the DMK could adopt either the moderate “Anna way” (inspired by C.N. Annadurai) or the radical “Periyar way” (referring to E.V. Ramasamy). Opponents framed it as a threat to abandon Annadurai’s pragmatism for Periyar’s aggressive reforms.
Ideological Divide in the Dravidian Movement
- Periyar’s Vision: Revolutionary, anti-caste, and atheist.
- Annadurai’s Approach: Pragmatic, inclusive, and electoral.
Karunanidhi’s remark revived this debate, with critics accusing him of inciting division while supporters saw it as strategic flexibility.
Political Fallout and 1991 Election Impact
The AIADMK and Congress weaponized the remark, painting the DMK as radical. The BJP labeled it anti-Hindu. The DMK’s defeat—amplified by Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination—was partly attributed to this controversy, though broader factors were at play.
Legacy of the ‘Anna Way-Periyar Way’ Debate
The row highlighted the Dravidian movement’s enduring tension between idealism and pragmatism. Karunanidhi later clarified his stance, but the episode remains a touchstone in Tamil Nadu’s ideological battles.
Conclusion
Karunanidhi’s 1991 remark was more than a campaign slip—it reflected deeper questions about the Dravidian movement’s direction. Decades later, the balance between Periyar’s radicalism and Annadurai’s moderation still defines Tamil Nadu politics.
